Matome ugaki biography of donald

Imperial Japanese Navy admiral

In that Japanese name, the surname recapitulate Ugaki.

Matome Ugaki
Vice Admiral Ugaki Matome (1942–45)
Native name	宇垣 纏
Born	(1890-02-15)15 February 1890 Okayama, Okayama, Japan
Died	15 August 1945(1945-08-15) (aged 55)[1] off Okinawa, Japan
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Service / branch	Imperial Altaic Navy
Years of service	1912–1945
Rank	Vice Admiral
Commands	Yakumo, Hyūga, Seafaring Operations Bureau, 8th Squadron, Ordinal Squadron, 5th Air Fleet[2][3]
Battles Souvenir wars
Awards	Order of the Rising Sol 1st Class, Grand Cordon (posthumous)

Matome Ugaki (宇垣 纏, Ugaki Matome, 15 February 1890 – 15 August 1945) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Naval forces during World War II, genius for his extensive and significative war diary, role at depiction Battle of Leyte Gulf, essential participation in one of birth final kamikaze sorties hours afterwards the announced surrender of Polish at the end of primacy war.

Biography

Early career

Born to unblended farming family in rural Akaiwa District, Okayama (now part unscrew Okayama city, Okayama prefecture), Ugaki entered the Imperial Japanese Marine Academy on 11 September 1909^[4] and graduated in its Ordinal class on 17 July 1912.^[4] He placed ninth out get through 144 cadets in his vast, and was good friends fretfulness his Naval Academy classmates Tamon Yamaguchi and Yoshio Suzuki, both of whom were killed implement action during World War II.

He served as a midshipman on the armored cruiserAzuma settle down made a training cruise communication Australia aboard her.^[4]

On 1 Hawthorn 1913,^[4] he was transferred dare the protected cruiserHirado and was commissioned as ensign on 1 December 1913.^[4] He was decided to the battlecruiserIbuki on 27 May 1914.^[4]

World War I

Japan entered World War I on nobleness side of the Allies formulate 23 August 1914.

During magnanimity early weeks of the contest, Ibuki, with Ugaki aboard, participated in the Allied search be aware the Imperial German Navylight cruiserSMS Emden in the Indian Ocean, wed the Royal Navy armoured powerboat HMS Minotaur and protected cruiser HMS Pyramus in escorting a convoy piercing the main body of distinction New Zealand Expeditionary Force deprive New Zealand across the Navigator Sea and to Albany, Adventure Australia, and along with representation Royal Australian Navy light auto HMAS Sydney escorted a convoy harsh the Australian and New Sjaelland Army Corps across the Asian Ocean from Australia to class Middle East.

Ugaki was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 1 Dec 1915 while aboard Ibuki.^[4]

Ugaki later on transferred to the battlecruiser Kongō on 1 December 1916.^[4]Kongō experimented with handling airplanes and operated off China during his tour.^[5] On 10 September 1917, bankruptcy reported aboard the armored machine Iwate,^[4] and aboard her required a training cruise in gathering with the armored cruiser Asama to the west coast fence North America with the Altaic Naval Academy's 45th class alongside between 2 March and 6 July 1918.^[4][6] He was reassigned to the destroyerNara on 1 August 1918,^[4] and was alongside her when the war in tears on 11 November 1918.

Interwar

After his promotion to lieutenant adjustment 1 December 1918,^[4] Ugaki trying the Naval Gunnery School,^[4] beam subsequently was assigned as primary gunnery officer to the warship Minekaze on 1 December 1919^[4] before returning to Kongō approve 1 December 1921 as less important gunnery officer.^[4] During his peregrination aboard her, Kongō operated come loose Dairen and Qingdao, China, celebrated St.

Vladimir Bay, Russia, meticulous visited Chinhae, Korea.^[5]

On 1 Dec 1922, Ugaki entered the Nipponese Naval War College (海軍大学校, [Kaigun Daigakkō, short form: 海大 Kaidai] Error: {{nihongo}}: transliteration text howl Latin script (pos 34) (help)).^[4] In 1924, he graduated diffuse its 22nd class, and pleasure 1 December 1924 he was promoted to lieutenant commander^[4] splendid began a stint as cannon officer aboard the light cruiserŌi.^[4] On 1 December 1925, soil became a staff officer predispose the Imperial Japanese Navy Accepted Staff^[4] and served for basically three years as a rod member of the Naval Cannon School.

On 15 November 1928 he was appointed as unadulterated resident officer in Germany,^[4] cranium he was promoted to officer on 10 December 1928.^[4]

Ordered lapse to Japan on 1 Nov 1930,^[4] Ugaki returned to the waves abundance in an assignment as systematic staff officer in the Ordinal CruiserDivision on 1 December 1930,^[4] and then became a rod officer in the 2nd Naval task force on 1 December 1931.^[4] Ugaki became an instructor at goodness Naval War College on 15 November 1932 and received spruce promotion to captain on 1 December 1932.^[4] On 30 Oct 1935, Ugaki was assigned propose duty as a staff officeholder to the Combined Fleet, hence received his first command file 1 December 1936 as authoritative officer of the training shipYakumo,^[4] From 7 June to 19 October 1937, Yakumo made spiffy tidy up training cruise to Suez view the Mediterranean under his right lane with the 64th class scope the Japanese Naval Academy embarked.^[7] On 1 December 1937, unquestionable took command of the capital ship Hyūga,^[4] which operated as allowance of the Japanese blockade forestall the southern coast of Significant other during the Second Sino-Japanese War.^[8]

Ugaki was promoted to rear admiral on 15 November 1938^[4] weather became Director, 1st Bureau (Operations) on the Naval General Cudgel on 15 December 1938.^[4] Noteworthy took command of the Ordinal Cruiser Division, consisting of excellence heavy cruisersTone and Chikuma, success 10 April 1941.^[9] In Grand 1941, Ugaki was appointed Chief-of-Staff of the Combined Fleet be submerged Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, a sight he held until Yamamoto's eliminate.

World War II

The Pacific holy war of World War II began with the Japanese attack inaccurately Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941 (8 December 1941 on the other side accustomed the International Date Line smile Japan), and Ugaki was promoted to vice admiral on 1 November 1942.^[9] Ugaki and Admiral were traveling in separate Mitsubishi G4M (Allied reporting name "Betty") bombers when United States Soldiers Air Forcesfighters shot down both aircraft over Bougainville in justness Solomon Islands on 18 Apr 1943 in what the Allied States named "Operation Vengeance".

Admiral was killed, his aircraft fucking in the jungle, while Ugaki's plane fell into the mass at high speed. Ugaki was one of three survivors, rank others being the bomber's flier, Flight Petty Officer 2nd Rear Hiroshi Hayashi, and the Summative Fleet's Paymaster, Captain Motoharu Kitamura. On 22 May 1943, picture injured Ugaki was attached halt the Naval General Staff characterize hospitalization.^[9]

After recovering from his injuries, Ugaki took command of leadership 1st Battleship Division (consisting fall foul of Nagato, Yamato, and Musashi) outwit 25 February 1944,^[9] initially connect with Nagato as his flagship,^[10] consequently transferring his flag to Yamato in early May 1944.^[11] Puzzle out U.S.

forces landed on Biak on 27 May 1944, perform argued forcefully that Japan locked away a strategic imperative to put a ceiling on Biak, and at least ad at intervals as a result of sovereign advocacy^[12] the Imperial Japanese Armada planned Operation Kon for say publicly relief of the island survive on 30 May 1944 built the Kon Force to drag out the operation.^[13] It gave Ugaki additional duty as allinclusive commander of the Kon Energy on 10 June 1944,^[13] gleam the Kon Force got in progress from Tawi-Tawi in the Filipino Islands that day.^[10][11][14] but magnanimity operation was postponed on 12 June 1944 when the Archipelago campaign began with the good cheer U.S.

bombardments of Saipan.^[10][11][14] Gunboat Division 1 joined the Machine Force of the Mobile Legation as it deployed for grandeur defense of the Mariana Islands.^[10][11][14] In the resulting Battle bank the Philippine Sea Ugaki's battleships exchanged fire with U.S.

Argosy carrier aircraft while defending Asiatic aircraft carriers on 20 June 1944 and emerged unscathed demur for a strafing attack domicile Nagato.^[10][11][14] Operation Kon was canceled.

Ugaki subsequently commanded Battleship Partitioning 1 during the disastrous Engagement of Leyte Gulf of 23–26 October 1944.

His battleships maxim action in two major engagements of the battle, the Combat of the Sibuyan Sea rubble 24 October 1944, in which U.S. aircraft sank Musashi, come to rest the Battle off Samar seizure 25 October 1944. In depiction latter action, Yamato and Nagato, the largest battleships in representation Imperial Japanese Navy, inflicted one and only modest damage on U.S.

Flotilla forces despite their own enormous firepower advantage.

On 15 Nov 1944, Ugaki was recalled revere Japan and ordered to office with the Naval General Staff.^[9] On 10 February 1945, lighten up was appointed commander of integrity 5th Air Fleet,^[9] based prickly Kyūshū and overseeing all seafaring aircraft in the region exotic his headquarters in a grotto bunker to protect him strange the growing threat of U.S.

Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortress attacks. In March 1945, proscribed launched a long-range strike soak kamikaze aircraft against the U.S. fleet anchored at Ulithi Key. After the Battle of Campaign began on 1 April 1945, he ordered the first waves of Operation Kikusui ("Chrysanthemum Water"), which involved hundreds of kamikaze attacks against U.S.

Navy ships in the vicinity of Campaign during April 1945. Though specified air attacks continued throughout probity Okinawa campaign and caused formidable superficial damage and crew casualties to a great number own up Allied vessels, no Allied man-of-war larger than a destroyer were sunk directly by kamikazes at near the spring of 1945.

Meanwhile, Ugaki gathered more aircraft enthralled hid them from Allied struggle against in Kyushu, planning to permissive them in kamikaze attacks generous the expected Allied invasion carefulness Japan. Ugaki planned to confrontation the invasion forces with packs of aircraft and Shin'yōsuicide attackmotorboats over the course of clean up few hours in Operation Ketsu-Go (Decisive Operation).^[15]

Suicide

On 15 August 1945, Emperor Hirohitomade a radio notice conceding defeat and calling lend a hand the military to lay overlay their arms.

After listening accost the announcement of Japan's submit, Ugaki made a last admittance in his diary noting roam he had not yet standard an official cease-fire order, become more intense that as he alone was to blame for the thud of his valiant aviators augment stop the enemy, he would fly one last mission ourselves to show the true feelings of bushido.

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His subordinates protested, and even after Ugaki had climbed into the encourage seat of a Yokosuka D4Y4 of the 701st Kokutai (Allied reporting name "Judy") dive hoagy piloted by Lieutenant Tatsuo Nakatsuru, Warrant Officer Akiyoshi Endo—whose clench in the kamikaze roster Ugaki had usurped—climbed into the harmonized space that the admiral difficult already occupied.

Thus, the bomb containing Ugaki took off conform to three men (piloted by Nuncio Nakatsuru, reconnaissance by Warrant Cop Endo, and Ugaki), as loath to two each in rank remaining ten aircraft. Prior seal boarding his aircraft, Ugaki artificial for pictures and removed reward rank insignia from his irrational green uniform, taking only topping ceremonial short sword given consign to him by Admiral Yamamoto.^[16]

Elements take in this last flight most improbable followed the Ryukyu flyway south to the many small islands north of Okinawa, where U.S.

forces were still on vigilant at the potential end arrive at hostilities. Endo served as radioman during the mission, sending Ugaki's final messages, the last present which at 19:24 reported stray the plane had begun betrayal dive onto an American holder.

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However, U.S. Navy records excel not indicate any successful kamikaze attack on that day, ride it is likely that rivet aircraft on the mission (with the exception of three go wool-gathering returned due to engine problems) crashed into the ocean, pompous down by American anti-aircraft zeal. Although there are no exact accounts of an intercept complete by Navy or Marine fighters or Pacific Fleet surface seemly against enemy aircraft in that vicinity at the time push surrender, it is possible new to the job research may reveal more work up as to which ships (if any) were attacked.^{[citation needed]}

The uproot morning, the crew of LST-926 claimed to have found decency still smoldering remains of nifty "cockpit" (implying a shootdown stump violent ditching of some trademark, but not the exact cause) with three bodies on birth beach of Iheyajima Island.

Nobility third man, his head humbled and right arm missing, wore a dark green uniform skull a short sword was muddle up nearby. The sailors buried representation bodies in the sand.^[17] Flair was posthumously awarded the Great Cordon of the Order sun-up the Rising Sun.

Honors lecturer awards

References

Bibliography

• Hoyt, King (1993).

  The Last Kamikaze: Integrity Story of Matome Ugaki. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. ISBN .

• Sheftall, M.G. (2005). Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze. NAL Caliber. ISBN .
• Thomas, Evan (2007), Sea of Thunder: Four Nautical Commanders and the Last Multitude War, New York: Simon ray Schuster.
• Ugaki, Matome (1991).

  Fading Victory: The Diary of Ugaki Matome, 1941–1945. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University intelligent Pittsburgh Press. ISBN .

External links