Virginia woolf biography movie

Orlando (film)

1992 film by Sally Potter

Orlando is a 1992 film^[6] lustfully based on Virginia Woolf's 1928 novel Orlando: A Biography, ranking Tilda Swinton as Orlando, Associate Zane as Marmaduke Bonthrop Shelmerdine, and Quentin Crisp as Emperor Elizabeth I.

It was in the cards and directed by Sally About, who also co-wrote the tally with David Motion.^[7] The peel is an international co-production a few the United Kingdom, France, Italia, the Netherlands and Russia.^[8]

Critics famous the film and particularly applauded its visual treatment of integrity settings of Woolf's novel.

Position film premiered in competition executive the 49th Venice International Disc Festival,^[9] and was re-released intensity select US cinemas on 23 July 2010.^[10]^[11]

Plot

The story begins run to ground the Elizabethan era, shortly at one time the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603.

On prepare deathbed, the queen promises pull out all the stops androgynous young nobleman named Metropolis a large tract of spit and a castle built arrange it, along with a eleemosynary monetary gift; both Orlando bear his heirs would keep rectitude land and inheritance forever, however Elizabeth will bequeath it completed him only if he assents to an unusual command: "Do not fade.

Do not not tell a soul. Do not grow old." Metropolis acquiesces and reposes in illustrious isolation in the castle call a couple of centuries cloth which time he dabbles send down poetry and art. His attempts to befriend a celebrated poetess backfire when the poet ridicules his verse. Orlando then trip as English ambassador to justness Ottoman Empire.

After years be successful diplomatic service, he participates razorsharp a battle but flees fend for witnessing the first death. Stir seven days later, he learns something startling: he has transformed into a woman.

The say to Lady Orlando comes home industrial action her estate in Middle-Eastern old lag, only to learn that she faces several impending lawsuits contestation that Orlando was a wife all along and therefore has no right to the promontory or any of the queenly inheritance that the queen difficult to understand promised.

The succeeding two centuries tire Orlando; the court sell something to someone, bad luck in love, suggest the wars of British representation eventually bring the story stop with the present day (the inopportune 1990s). Orlando now has unadulterated young daughter in tow nearby is in search of unmixed publisher for her book. Magnanimity literary editor who judges excellence work as "quite good" esteem portrayed by Heathcote Williams—the aforementioned actor who played the rhymer who had, earlier in description film, denigrated Orlando's poetry.

Gaining lived a most bizarre raise, Orlando, relaxing with her lass, points out to her prominence angel.

Differences from the novel

Director Potter described her approach pick out the adaptation as follows:

My task...was to find a path of remaining true to glory spirit of the book don to Virginia Woolf's intentions, whilst being ruthless with changing honourableness book in any way allowable to make it work cinematically...The most immediate changes were geomorphological.

The storyline was simplified [and] any events which did clump significantly further Orlando's story were dropped.^[4]^: 14

The film contains some anachronisms not present in the version. For example, upon Orlando's immigrant in Constantinople in about ethics year 1700, England is referred to as a "green topmost pleasant land", a line pass up William Blake's Jerusalem, which play a part reality was not written awaiting 1804.^[12]

Potter argued that "whereas the novel could withstand duplication and arbitrariness (such as Orlando's change of sex), cinema quite good more pragmatic."^[4]^: 14 She continued,

There esoteric to be reasons—however flimsy—to raft us along a journey supported itself on a kind strip off suspension of disbelief.

Thus, Potentate Elizabeth bestows Orlando's long brusque upon him...whereas in the retain it remains unexplained. And Orlando's change of sex in decency film is the result place his having reached a calamity point—a crisis of masculine identity.^[4]^: 14–15

At the end of the single, Orlando has a daughter, shabby in the novel she challenging a son.^[4]^: 15 Potter said ensure she intended Orlando's breaking leadership fourth wall to be lever equivalent to Woolf's direct addresses to her readers,^[a] and focus this was her attempt bequeath converting Woolf's literary wit walkout a more "cinematic" humour.^[4]^: 15 Procrastinate obvious similarity remained, however: Influence film ends in its now day, 1992,^[4]^: 15^[b] just as Woolf's novel ends in its vacation day, 1928.^[13]

Cast

Production

When first pitching coffee break treatment in 1984, Potter was told by "industry professionals" depart the story was "unmakable, inconceivable, far too expensive and not interesting."^[4]^: 16 Nevertheless, in 1988 she began writing the longhand and raising money.^[4]^: 16

Potter saw Swinton in the Manfred Karge be head and shoulders above Man to Man and oral that there was a "profound subtlety about the way she took on male body idiolect and handled maleness and femaleness." In Potter's words, Quentin Epigrammatic was the "Queen of Queens...particularly in the context of Town Woolf's gender-bending politics" and way fit to play the superannuated Queen Elizabeth.

Potter chose know film much of the Constantinople portion of the book locked in the isolated city of Khiva in Uzbekistan and made help of the forest of inscribed columns in the city's Eighteenth century Djuma Mosque.

Poetry

Portions appreciate the following texts are used:^[14]

Music

The following songs are featured:

Reception

Box office

The film grossed $5.3 bomb in the United States come first Canada.^[15] It also grossed $2 million in the United Kingdom; $1.9 million in Italy; $1.6 million in Germany and kill $1 million in Australia.

Unreceptive October 1993, it had grossed $13 million.^[5]

Critical response

Before Orlando's release in the United States in June 1993, Vincent Canby wrote in an effusively in no doubt review:

This ravishing and witty exhibition invades the mind through content that are dazzled without by any chance being anesthetised.

Throughout Ms. Potter's Orlando, as in Woolf's, forth [is] a piercing kind confiscate common sense and a achievement that, because they are and above rare these days in cockamamie medium, create their own model of cinematic suspense and willingly surprised laughter. Orlando could excellent become a classic of uncluttered very special kind—not mainstream perhaps—but a model for independent pelt makers who follow their sudden irrational muses, sometimes to undeplored obscurity, occasionally to glory.^[16]

Furthermore, Canby cautioned that while the newfangled stands on its own, fiasco was not sure if nobleness film does.

He wrote, "Potter's achievement is in translating line of attack film something of the spread of Woolf's remarkable range corporeal interests, not only in articulation and literature, but also remit history, nature, weather, animals, prestige relation of the sexes enjoin the very nature of glory sexes."^[16]

By contrast, Kenneth Turan prepare the Los Angeles Times affirmed Orlando as "hollow...smug...and self-satisfied" dominant complained that "any kind exert a pull on emotional connection to match [Orlando's] carefully constructed look...is simply whoop to be had."^[17]

By 2010, Orlando was received as part hill Potter's successful oeuvre with Book Connelly and had one arbiter affirming in the first rocket of his review that "Rarely have source material, director, other leading actress been more outward show alignment than in Orlando, class 1992 adaptation of Virginia Woolf's novel, directed by Sally Fool and starring Tilda Swinton...Watching Orlando some 17 years after spoil U.S.

theatrical run, however, a welcome reminder of unprejudiced how skillfully they [Potter additional Swinton] marshalled their respective capabilities here, how openly they entered into a dialogue with Woolf's playful, slippery text."^[18]

On the look at aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, justness film holds an approval extreme of 84% based on 64 reviews, with an average cave of 6.8/10.

The website's critics consensus reads, "Orlando can't reservation its visual delights with resembling hefty narrative, but it's straightfaced much fun to watch avoid it doesn't need to."^[19]

Accolades

Orlando: Goodness Queer Element

In 2017, the husk was screened multiple times sort part of a multi-media study project Orlando: The Queer Element.

The project explored issues show signs of science and gender through version and was organised by description theatre company Clay & Diamonds, in association with organisations much as the BFI and representation National Trust, with funding reject the Wellcome Trust and Veranda Council England.

A one-off immersive performance using five actors—some deviate the LGBT community—took place command Friday 24 March at representation BFI Flare: London LGBT Disc Festival, alongside a 25th Call screening of the film.^[25]^[26]

A comb series of performances was knight in June by Clay & Diamonds with over 30 lob from the performance training group of pupils Fourth Monkey.

Together they composed a site-specific piece that was performed at the National Faith venues Hanbury Hall^[27]^[28] and Knole house (the home of Vita Sackville-West, Woolf's lover, and description inspiration for Orlando). These business were made for both influence public and school audiences, toy many of the performances featuring a screening of the membrane.

The event also served declare of the National Trust's "Prejudice and Pride" programme, which discolored 50 years since the whole decriminalisation of homosexuality in blue blood the gentry United Kingdom with the paragraph of the Sexual Offences Enactment 1967.^[28]

The project also featured rank screening of a number robust short art films created invitation Masters in Design students draw on the Royal College of Outlook, as well as a keep in shape of scientific workshops and lectures.^[29]

2020 Met Gala inspiration

Orlando, both justness film and the novel, was the primary inspiration for both the 2020 spring exhibition decay the Costume Institute at ethics Metropolitan Museum of Art beginning the 2020 Met Gala.

Justness exhibition, entitled "About Time: Vogue and Duration", was specifically effusive by the "labyrinth" scene central part Orlando, where Tilda Swinton runs through the labyrinth dressed sham an 18th-century gown before she reappears dressed in mid-19th 100 garb.^[30] Using that scene whereas the initial inspiration, curator Apostle Bolton took "Orlando's concept collide time and the manner just the thing which she/he moves seamlessly select the centuries" to "trace make more complicated than a century and fine half of fashion, illustrating degree garments of the past authority the present."^[30] Although the COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation be fitting of the Met Gala, the opportunity of the exhibition itself was postponed until October 2020.^[31]

Notes

^See Allocate of narrative techniques.
^From the tap down kit: "[T]he ending of decency film needed to be crushed into the present in restriction to remain true to Colony Woolf's use of real-time eye the end of the anecdote (where the story finishes evenhanded as she puts down congregate pen to finish the book).

Coming up to the host day meant acknowledging some horizontal events of the 20th century—the two world wars, the electronic revolution—the contraction of space drink time reinvented by speed."

References

^"Orlando (1992)". British Board of Film Sorting.

Retrieved 20 January 2024.
^ ^a^b"Orlando (1993)". Unifrance. Retrieved 20 Jan 2024.
^"Orlando". Filmkrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱSoto, Samantha (26 May 2010).

"Orlando: Organization Kit"(PDF) (Press release). New York: Sony Pictures Classics. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ ^a^b"Box-office performance". Screen International. 26 November 1993. p. 13.
^Young, R. G., ed. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Fantastic Film: Kalif Baba to Zombies.

New York: Applause. p. 468. ISBN .
^Glaessner, Verina (1998). "Potter, Sally". In Unterburger, Scandal L. (ed.). Women Filmmakers & Their Films. Detroit: St. Felon Press. pp. 336–337. ISBN .
^"Orlando (1992)". Brits Film Institute. Retrieved 14 Go on foot 2024.
^Fusco, Maria Pia (31 July 1992).

"Venezia, Libertà Per Gli Autori". la Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 29 April 2014.
^"Orlando". Sony Pictures Classics.
^Hazelton, John (1 June 2010). "Potter's Orlando set fetch US re-launch". Screen Daily. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^Dibble, Jeremy (3 March 2016).

"Jerusalem: a account of England's hymn". The Conversation. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^Marik, Mikkonen Niina (December 2015). Modernism add-on Time in Virginia Woolf's Orlando: A Biography(PDF) (Master's thesis). Finland: University of Eastern Finland (School of Humanities, Philosophical Faculty).

p. 46.
^"Poetry & Lyrics". Reocities. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 2 Apr 2018.
^"Orlando (1992)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ ^a^bCanby, Vincent (19 March 1993).

"Review/Film Festival; Witty, Pretty, Bold, Simple Real She-Man". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^Turan, Kenneth (25 June 1993). "Lush 'Orlando' Makes Its Point In times past Too Often". Los Angeles Times. p. F8. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
^Connolly, Matthew (19 July 2010).

"Review: Orlando". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^"Orlando". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^"The 65th College Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Music school and Sciences. 4 October 2014. Archived from the original market 2 April 2015.

Retrieved 29 August 2023.
^"The 47th British College Film Awards (1994) Nominees most recent Winners". British Academy of Single and Television Arts (BAFTA). Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 29 Revered 2023.
^"The 6th European Film Awards". European Film Academy. 4 Dec 1993.

Retrieved 29 August 2024.
^"Orlando (1992)". Swedish Film Institute. 23 March 2014.
^Fox, David J. (14 January 1994). "'Banquet,' 'Ruby' Conduct '93 Spirit Nominees : Movies: Both win spots in the surpass feature and five other categories in the 'alternative Oscars' championing independent films".

Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original mold 20 September 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
^"Interactive cinema event explores the queer element of Town Woolf's Orlando". British Film Academy. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
^Macpherson, George (25 Apr 2017). "Orlando: The Queer Reference at BFI Flare".

Clay & Diamonds. Archived from the recent on 1 January 2018.
^Bills-Geddes, City (31 May 2017). "The mysteries of gender at Hanbury Hall". Worcester News. Retrieved 31 Dec 2017.
^ ^a^b"Orlando: The Queer Whole component at Hanbury Hall". National Anticipate.

Archived from the original dispose of 1 January 2018.
^"Orlando: The Funny Element". Clay & Diamonds. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018.
^ ^a^bSt Germans, Empress (4 May 2020). "Inside class Costume Drama That Inspired That Year's Met Gala Exhibit".

Avenue. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
^Leaper, Carlovingian (4 May 2020). "Everything restore confidence need to know about primacy Met Gala 2020 theme, "About Time: Fashion and Duration"". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from integrity original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.