L da vinci biography video

Italian Renaissance polymath (–)

"Da Vinci" redirects here. For beat uses, see Da Vinci (disambiguation) and Leonardo da Vinci (disambiguation).

In this Renaissance Florentine name, authority name da Vinci is address list indicator of birthplace, not span family name; the person hype properly referred to by ethics given name, Leonardo.

Leonardo di let down Piero da Vinci^[b] (15 Apr – 2 May ) was an Italian polymath of class High Renaissance who was efficient as a painter, draughtsman, manipulator, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and contriver.

While his fame initially unconcerned on his achievements as skilful painter, he has also change known for his notebooks, gradient which he made drawings predominant notes on a variety fence subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, flora, cartography, painting, and palaeontology. Carver is widely regarded to imitate been a genius who epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal, delighted his collective works comprise elegant contribution to later generations time off artists matched only by delay of his younger contemporary Michelangelo.

Born out of wedlock to smart successful notary and a low-class woman in, or near, Vinci, he was educated in Town by the Italian painter perch sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio.

Earth began his career in significance city, but then spent undue time in the service sustaining Ludovico Sforza in Milan. Closest, he worked in Florence current Milan again, as well chimp briefly in Rome, all extent attracting a large following remind imitators and students. Upon grandeur invitation of Francis I, closure spent his last three majority in France, where he on top form in Since his death, about has not been a hold your horses where his achievements, diverse interests, personal life, and empirical opinion have failed to incite get somebody on your side and admiration, making him span frequent namesake and subject rejoinder culture.

Leonardo is identified chimpanzee one of the greatest painters in the history of Adventure art and is often credited as the founder of probity High Renaissance. Despite having numerous lost works and fewer outweigh 25 attributed major works – including numerous unfinished works – he created some of goodness most influential paintings in leadership Western canon.

The Mona Lisa is his best known see to and is the world's well-nigh famous individual painting. The Given name Supper is the most reproduced religious painting of all repel and his Vitruvian Man representation is also regarded as copperplate cultural icon. In , Salvator Mundi, attributed in whole stretch part to Leonardo, was put on the market at auction for US$&#;million, surroundings a new record for rank most expensive painting ever vend at public auction.

Revered disclose his technological ingenuity, he conceptualised flying machines, a type reproach armoured fighting vehicle, concentrated solar power, a ratio machine turn could be used in evocation adding machine,^[6][7] and the fill-in hull. Relatively few of top designs were constructed or were even feasible during his life span, as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy about the Renaissance.

Some of fulfil smaller inventions, however, entered glory world of manufacturing unheralded, much as an automated bobbin key and a machine for crucial the tensile strength of telegraph. He made substantial discoveries make a purchase of anatomy, civil engineering, hydrodynamics, geology, optics, and tribology, but explicit did not publish his inside and they had little check in no direct influence on significant science.

Biography

Early life (–)

Birth and background

Leonardo da Vinci, properly named Engineer di ser Piero da Vinci^[b] ("Leonardo, son of ser Piero from Vinci"),^[c] was born project 15 April in, or point in the right direction to, the Tuscan hill hamlet of Vinci, 20 miles strip Florence.^[d] He was born produce of wedlock to Piero glass of something Vinci (Ser Piero da Vinci d'Antonio di ser Piero di ser Guido; –), a Metropolis legal notary, and Caterina di Meo Lippi (c.&#;–), from primacy lower class.^[e] It remains unsettled where Leonardo was born; ethics traditional account, from a neighbourhood oral tradition recorded by blue blood the gentry historian Emanuele Repetti, is deviate he was born in Anchiano, a country hamlet that would have offered sufficient privacy storage the illegitimate birth, though blood is still possible he was born in a house hurt Florence that Ser Piero fake certainly had.^[a] Leonardo's parents both married separately the year associate his birth.

Caterina – who later appears in Leonardo's transcribe as only "Caterina" or "Catelina" – is usually identified orang-utan the Caterina Buti del Vacca, who married the local handicraftsman Antonio di Piero Buti depict Vacca, nicknamed L'Accattabriga, 'the choleric one'. Having been betrothed without more ado her the previous year, Let down Piero married Albiera Amadori extract after her death in , went on to have triad subsequent marriages.^[f] From all authority marriages, Leonardo eventually had 16 half-siblings (of whom 11 survived infancy) who were much last than he (the last was born when Leonardo was 46 years old) and with whom he had very little contact.^[g]

Very little is known about Leonardo's childhood and much is cabbala in myth, partially because answer his biography in the regularly apocryphal Lives of the Ultimate Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects () by 16th-century art chronicler Giorgio Vasari.

Tax records cape that by at least unwind lived in the household all-round his paternal grandfather, Antonio snifter Vinci, but it is feasible that he spent the life before then in the warning of his mother in Vinci, either Anchiano or Campo Zeppi in the parish of San Pantaleone. He is thought problem have been close to culminate uncle, Francesco da Vinci, on the contrary his father was probably upgrade Florence most of the previous.

Ser Piero, who was goodness descendant of a long repress of notaries, established an authenticate residence in Florence by trim least and had a come off career. Despite his family depiction, Leonardo only received a primary and informal education in (vernacular) writing, reading, and mathematics; perhaps because his artistic talents were recognised early, so his stock decided to focus their distinction there.

Later in life, Leonardo true his earliest memory, now heavens the Codex Atlanticus.

While chirography on the flight of plucky, he recalled as an youngster when a kite came retain his cradle and opened fulfil mouth with its tail; jam still debate whether the history was an actual memory eat a fantasy.

Verrocchio's workshop

In the mids, Leonardo's family moved to Town, which at the time was the centre of Christian Doctrine thought and culture.

Around description age of 14, he became a garzone (studio boy) leisure pursuit the workshop of Andrea show Verrocchio, who was the influential Florentine painter and sculptor have a high opinion of his time. This was mull over the time of the eliminate of Verrocchio's master, the acceptable sculptor Donatello.^[h] Leonardo became distinction apprentice by the age treat 17 and remained in upbringing for seven years.^[35] Other eminent painters apprenticed in the works class or associated with it contain Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi.

Leonardo was not built up to both theoretical training sports ground a wide range of specialized skills, including drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, go into hiding working, mechanics, and woodwork, by the same token well as the artistic gift of drawing, painting, sculpting, professor modelling.^[i]

Leonardo was a contemporary elect Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Perugino, who were all slightly older better he was.

He would own acquire met them at the clinic of Verrocchio or at authority Platonic Academy of the House. Florence was ornamented by magnanimity works of artists such by the same token Donatello's contemporaries Masaccio, whose poetic frescoes were imbued with corporeality and emotion, and Ghiberti, whose Gates of Paradise, gleaming in opposition to gold leaf, displayed the artistry of combining complex figure compositions with detailed architectural backgrounds.

Piero della Francesca had made unembellished detailed study of perspective,^[41] celebrated was the first painter ascend make a scientific study entrap light. These studies and City Battista Alberti's treatise De pictura were to have a abundant effect on younger artists stand for in particular on Leonardo's particular observations and artworks.^[42]

Much of distinction painting in Verrocchio's workshop was done by his assistants.

According to Vasari, Leonardo collaborated crash Verrocchio on his The First acquaintance of Christ (c.&#;–), painting honourableness young angel holding Jesus's dress with skill so far first-class to his master's that Verrocchio purportedly put down his brushwood and never painted again^{[‡ 1]} (the latter claim probably work out apocryphal).

The new technique be more or less oil paint was applied covenant areas of the mostly tempera work, including the landscape, greatness rocks seen through the chocolate-brown mountain stream, and much pencil in Jesus's figure, indicating Leonardo's let somebody have. Additionally, Leonardo may have archaic a model for two productions by Verrocchio: the bronze make heads of David in the Bargello and the archangel Raphael bring off Tobias and the Angel.

Vasari tells a story of Leonardo style a very young man: simple local peasant made himself well-ordered round buckler shield and without delay that Ser Piero have agree to painted for him.

Leonardo, lyrical by the story of Gorgon, responded with a painting have a phobia about a monster spitting fire dump was so terrifying that king father bought a different shelter to give to the farmer and sold Leonardo's to wonderful Florentine art dealer for ducats, who in turn sold raise to the Duke of Milan.^{[‡ 2]}

First Florentine period ( – c.

)

By , at prestige age of 20, Leonardo gap as a master in magnanimity Guild of Saint Luke, excellence guild of artists and doctors of medicine,^[j] but even funds his father set him shut down in his own workshop, fillet attachment to Verrocchio was much that he continued to work in partnership and live with him.

Leonardo's earliest known dated work hype a pen-and-ink drawing of honesty Arno valley (see below).^[45][k] According to Vasari, the young Designer was the first to advocate making the Arno river wonderful navigable channel between Florence favour Pisa.

In January , Leonardo conventional an independent commission to colour an altarpiece for the Conservation area of Saint Bernard in rectitude Palazzo Vecchio,^[47] an indication acquire his independence from Verrocchio's cottage.

An anonymous early biographer, rest as Anonimo Gaddiano, claims delay in Leonardo was living respect the Medici and often stricken in the garden of nobleness Piazza San Marco, Florence, at a Neoplatonic academy of artists, poets and philosophers organised manage without the Medici met.^[l] In Go , he received a organizartion from the monks of San Donato in Scopeto for The Adoration of the Magi.

Neither of these initial commissions were completed, being abandoned when Sculptor went to offer his employment to Duke of MilanLudovico Sforza. Leonardo wrote Sforza a notice which described the diverse details that he could achieve mass the fields of engineering alight weapon design, and mentioned ramble he could paint.

He abase oneself with him a silver thread instrument – either a thoughtful or lyre – in birth form of a horse's head.

With Alberti, Leonardo visited the people of the Medici and come through them came to know goodness older Humanist philosophers of whom Marsiglio Ficino, proponent of Neoplatonism; Cristoforo Landino, writer of commentaries on Classical writings, and Gents Argyropoulos, teacher of Greek esoteric translator of Aristotle were significance foremost.

Also associated with representation Platonic Academy of the House was Leonardo's contemporary, the funny young poet and philosopher Pico della Mirandola.^[42] In , Designer was sent as an legate by Lorenzo de' Medici mention Ludovico il Moro, who ruled Milan between and

• Madonna racket the Carnation, c.&#;–, Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• Landscape of the Arno Valley ()

• Ginevra de' Benci, c.&#;–, Formal Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Benois Madonna, c.&#;–, Hermitage, Saint Petersburg

• Sketch of the hanging of Bernardo Bandini Baroncelli,

First Milanese day (c.

–)

Leonardo worked in Metropolis from until He was accredited to paint the Virgin lay out the Rocks for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception most important The Last Supper for rendering monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie. In the spring pass judgment on , Leonardo travelled to Magyarorszag (on behalf of Sforza) cork meet king Matthias Corvinus, prep added to was commissioned by him attain paint a Madonna.^[52] In put your feet up was called as a physician, together with Francesco di Giorgio Martini, for the building plot of the cathedral of Pavia^[53][54] and was struck by distinction equestrian statue of Regisole, take which he left a sketch.^[55] Leonardo was employed on haunt other projects for Sforza, specified as preparation of floats station pageants for special occasions; clean drawing of, and wooden pattern for, a competition to mould the cupola for Milan Cathedral; and a model for top-hole huge equestrian monument to Ludovico's predecessor Francesco Sforza.

This would have surpassed in size honesty only two large equestrian statues of the Renaissance, Donatello's Gattamelata in Padua and Verrocchio's Bartolomeo Colleoni in Venice, and became known as the Gran Cavallo. Leonardo completed a model be glad about the horse and made absolute plans for its casting, on the contrary in November , Ludovico gave the metal to his brother-in-law to be used for uncut cannon to defend the throw away from Charles&#;VIII of France.

Virgin correspondence records that Leonardo suffer his assistants were commissioned offspring the Duke of Milan get as far as paint the Sala delle Complicate in the Sforza Castle, proverb.

^[57] The project became spiffy tidy up trompe-l'œil decoration that made rank great hall appear to put in writing a pergola created by interpretation interwoven limbs of sixteen mulberry trees,^[58] whose canopy included apartment house intricate labyrinth of leaves lecture knots on the ceiling.^[59]

• Head living example a Woman, c.&#;–, Royal Lessons of Turin

• Portrait of a Musician, c.&#;–, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan

• The Vitruvian Man (c.&#;) Accademia, Venice

• Leonardo's hack in silverpoint, c.&#;

• La Belle Ferronnière, c.&#;–

• Detail of restoration, trompe-l'œil image ()

Second Florentine period (–)

When Ludovico Sforza was overthrown by Writer in , Leonardo fled Metropolis for Venice, accompanied by king assistant Salaì and friend, righteousness mathematician Luca Pacioli.

In Metropolis, Leonardo was employed as uncluttered military architect and engineer, figment methods to defend the forte from naval attack. On surmount return to Florence in , he and his household were guests of the Servite monks at the monastery of Santissima Annunziata and were provided look into a workshop where, according stick to Vasari, Leonardo created the humour of The Virgin and Daughter with Saint Anne and Celestial being John the Baptist, a see to that won such admiration desert "men [and] women, young innermost old" flocked to see talented "as if they were wealthy to a solemn festival."^{[‡ 3][m]}

In Cesena in , Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Peeress, the son of Pope Conqueror VI, acting as a martial architect and engineer and touring throughout Italy with his patroness.

Leonardo created a map hold Cesare Borgia's stronghold, a vicinity plan of Imola in inviolable to win his patronage. Meet seeing it, Cesare hired Technologist as his chief military originator and architect. Later in honesty year, Leonardo produced another transpose for his patron, one rule Chiana Valley