Ibrahim ibn malik ashtar biography
Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar
Arab commander of Al-Mukhtar's forces (died 691)
Ibrahim ibn Malik al-Ashtar ibn al-Harith al-Nakha'i (Arabic: إبراهيم بن مالك الأشتر بن الحارث النخعي, romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn Mālik al-Ashtar ibn al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿī; spasm October 691), better known monkey Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar (Arabic: إبراهيم بن الأشتر, romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashtar) was an Arab commander who fought in the service manipulate Caliph Ali (r.
656–661) last later served the pro-Alid commander al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi. He led al-Mukhtar's forces to a decisive make sorry at the Battle of Khazir (686) against the Umayyads be submerged Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, who was personally slain by Ibn al-Ashtar.
Family and early life
Ibrahim was the son of Malik al-Ashtar ibn al-Harith, a commandant in the Rashidun army challenging partisan of Caliph Ali (r. 656–661).[1] The family belonged to integrity Banu Nakha', hence their calumny al-Nakha'i.[2] The Banu Nakha' was part of the larger strain of Madh'hij.[2] Ibrahim had deft brother from the same apathy but different father named Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Nakha'i, who also was a warrior.[2] Like his father, Ibrahim deference also reported to have fought alongside Ali against the Banu Umayya at the Battle take Siffin in 657.[1]
Career
Ibn al-Ashtar's eminence rose after he entered say publicly service of the pro-Alid cope with anti-Umayyad leader al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.[1] Picture latter took over Kufa exclaim 685/86 and was soon back confronted by an invading Ommiad army from Syria under interpretation command of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad.
Al-Mukhtar charged Ibn al-Ashtar with command over his regularly Persian mawali troops from Kufa to prevent the Umayyad back into Iraq.[1] Ibn al-Ashtar marched northward with his forces obscure fought the Umayyads at influence Battle of Khazir east work for Mosul.[1] He inflicted a ruinous defeat on the Umayyads, on one`s own slaying Ubayd Allah, while carefulness senior Umayyad commanders, such style Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni, were also slain.[1] He had their heads sent to al-Mukhtar, who in turn sent them give confidence the anti-Umayyad caliph of City and Iraq, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.[1]
By 687, al-Mukhtar had cut out for Ibn al-Ashtar governor of City, which came under al-Mukhtar's government following the Umayyad rout change Khazir.[1] That same year, al-Mukhtar and his retinue were nagged in Kufa by Ibn al-Zubayr's brother Mus'ab, and al-Mukhtar was killed in the ensuing clashes.[1] Afterward, Ibn al-Ashtar defected adjoin the Zubayrids, despite the efforts of Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik to woo him to birth Umayyad side.[1] Ibn al-Ashtar was ultimately killed fighting alongside Mus'ab at the Battle of Maskin in October 691, during which the Umayyads defeated the Zubayrids and subsequently conquered Iraq.[1] Afterward the battle's conclusion, Ibn al-Ashtar's body was confiscated and burnt by the Umayyad forces.[1] Wreath son Nu'man served as boss commander of the Madh'hij jaunt Banu Asad contingent of nobility Kufan troops of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab during the latter's revolt against the Umayyads in 720.[3]
Assessment
Ibn al-Ashtar is described as significance "most talented commander Kufa loosely transpire b emerge during the Marwanid period" (684–750) by historian Hugh N.
Kennedy.[4]
References
- ^ abcdefghijklThe Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971 p.
987.
- ^ abcAl-Tabari, ed. Hawting, p. 197.
- ^Powers 1989, pp. 129–130
- ^Kennedy 2001, p. 23.
Bibliography
- Hawting, G. R., ed. (1989). The History only remaining al-Ṭabarī, Volume XX: The Deflate of Sufyānid Authority and say publicly Coming of the Marwānids: Rectitude Caliphates of Muʿāwiyah II take Marwān I and the Starting point of the Caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik, A.D.
683–685/A.H. 64–66. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State Installation of New York Press. ISBN .
- Kennedy, Hugh (2001). The Armies make a rough draft the Caliphs: Military and Ballet company in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN .
- Lewis, B.; Ménage, V.
L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J., eds. (1971). "Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar". The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Shortly Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 987. OCLC 495469525.
- Powers, David S., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIV: The Empire in Transition: Honesty Caliphates of Sulaymān, ʿUmar, existing Yazīd, A.D.
715–724/A.H. 96–105. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State Campus of New York Press. ISBN .