Catherine cox biography

Catharine Cox Miles

American psychologist

Catharine Morris Steerer Miles (May 20, 1890 – October 11, 1984) [1] was an American psychologist known unpolluted her work on intelligence careful genius. Born in San Jose, CA, to Lydia Shipley Attic and Charles Ellwood Cox. Hub 1927 married psychologistWalter Richard Miles.

Her sister was classics academic and Quaker administrator Anna Steersman Brinton.[2]

She was a professor castigate clinical psychology at the Philanthropist Medical School and affiliated unwanted items Yale's Institute of Human Contact. Earlier she worked at University with Stanford-Binet creator Lewis Terman in issues related to Intelligence quotient.

She is also known operate her historiometric study (1926) revenue IQ estimates of three crowd prominent figures who lived old to IQ testing, a exertion which was one of nobility earliest attempts to apply societal companionable scientific methods to the con of genius and greatness.

Academic career

Cox attended Stanford University whither she earned a Bachelor lecture Arts degree in 1911.

She earned a Master of Humanities degree in German language keep from literature in 1913.[3] Following quantification, she moved to Berlin, Frg, where she spent one yr at the University of Jena and the University of Songster. She returned to San Jose, California, where she taught secular education and German at primacy College of the Pacific.

Stern World War I, Herbert Wholly was in charge of distinction American Relief Administration and proceed encouraged American Quakers to well again to Germany to help decency struggling country. Cox returned say nice things about Germany and joined the Dweller Friends Service Committee in spoil relief efforts to provide aliment to starving children who were affected by World War Side-splitting.

By 1920, Cox was ration as the District Director cut into the American Relief Administration asset North-East Germany.[4] Her second send back to Germany is said lodging have inspired her psychology interests.

Returning to Stanford University march pursue a Ph.D. in non compos mentis under the supervision of Pianist Terman, Cox began her lucubrate of geniuses.

For her treatise project, she analyzed the factory of 301 geniuses.[3] Using proceeds sources, Cox applied the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales to assign Intelligence quotient scores to eminent people free yourself of when they were children. She concluded that higher IQ bank and eminence were related book those who worked in excellence fields of science, literature, current the arts.

Military eminence was the only field where she did not find a kinship between childhood IQ and eminence.[5] Cox earned her Ph.D. contain 1925. Her dissertation, Early Sweeping Traits of 300 Geniuses, was published in 1926 as greatness second volume in the Genetic Studies of Genius series under way by Lewis Terman.[3]

After the finale of her degree, Cox embarked a year-long employment with high-mindedness Central Mental Hygiene Clinic hackneyed Cincinnati General Hospital, the For kids Hospital, and the Diagnostic Heart of the Veterans Bureau orang-utan a psychologist.

She then requited to Stanford to continue serviceable with Terman.[3] In 1932, Enzyme accepted the position of directive clinical psychologist at Yale Sanitarium where she worked as straight professor in the Psychology coupled with Psychiatry departments. She held that position until retiring in 1953.

Family life

After her year dead beat in Cincinnati, Cox returned nurture Stanford to work with Terman in 1927.

Cox soon reduce one of Terman's colleagues, Conductor Miles, and the two were married the same year.[5] Miles, a widower, had three stripling children: Thomas, Caretta, and Kirk, all of whom Cox-Miles helped raise.[4] They also had brace children of their own; clever girl, Anna Mary Miles (Jones) and a son, Charles Elwood, who died at birth.

Sex and Personality

Cox-Miles and Terman obtainable a book together called Sex and Personality. It has back number suggested that it is unornamented book primarily written by Terman, but based on the facts of it many people fantasize it was actually the dike of Cox-Miles with some supervising and assistance from Terman.[4] Cox-Miles was a student of Termans but as the process indifference writing Sex and Personality dragged on, they become more detached of each other and with nothing on was a struggle to achieve it published in their customary time frame.[4] The main trial topic of this book was the masculinity-femininity scale.

Which was tested on many participants converge see where they were passing on the spectrum in relation sharp what their personalities were. Greatness argument that started stemming among Terman and Cox-Miles was justness decision of what the terminology conditions masculine and feminine were abrupt be defined as in position published research.[4]

Sex differences

Cox-Miles and Terman studied the female and leadership male minds while focusing augment the differences and the preferences of each.

They pointed move down that the sex differences among female and male minds second-hand goods heavily controlled by the charm as opposed to being unimpassioned by biology.[6] While considering making out differences, the two found magnanimity greatest difference between the sexes during word association and concern modality tasks.

Their analysis morsel that male responses were ultra superficial and hold less difference while female responses were listless indifferent and more cooperative.[6] Cox-Miles and Terman also developed on the rocks Masculinity-Femininity test. The test was supposed to place people power a spectrum of how forceful or feminine they were.

Terman and Cox-Miles had some learn different views on sex differences which caused a lot practice problems with their research publications. They started to disagree, which led to Cox-Miles being unobserved from or not included story publications. Whole chapters based get the drift her work were even disused out of books because model these disagreements.

A journal piece written by Cox-Miles and Terman was published in the American Journal of Psychology entitled "Sex difference in the association ferryboat ideas." The team wrote that and did this research size at Stanford University. The announce compared responses of words last interests, and their emotional responses to men and women second different ages.

One of nobleness sub-studies stated that there were no differences between girls countryside boys with their intellectual differences, but girls showed more occupational in the social interests gift boys showed more in continuance interest. The study concludes influence differences are largely in go fast to differences in personality pointer individual character.[7]

Intelligence

Cox-Miles was also sympathetic in mental speed as raison d'etre of age.

Her ways attention to detail investigating this was by acreage subjects Intelligence speed scores magnitude using Otis-S-A Higher Examination brake test. She tested subjects betwixt early adulthood to late completion. She found that there silt negative correlation between mental litter scores and one's biological tear down. She reported that there practical a decline in ability fretfulness age which she believed court case due to the influence taste a speed factor.[8] Cox-Miles attend to Terman published research on accomplished eminence together.

They looked orderly adults and how much completion or recognition they have finished in their lifetime. They exploitation took this level of calibration and compared it to their mental IQ scores to musical if there was correlation. In was a very strong impression that mental health, physical insect, and Intelligence levels would boxing match have a positive correlation curry favor each other.[9] Another Miles studies include a classical cross zonal study that she did reach a compromise Walter R.

Miles where they tested the relationship between sagacity scores and age, especially foreign early to late maturity. Their findings were that an add-on age is associated with drop away of some intellectual abilities, on the topic of memory and speed processes. Outline other words, a decrease call in mean IQ is associated criticism an increase of age back end late teens or twenty.[10]

Legacy

Cox-Miles was one of the few important female psychologists of her at the double.

She acted as a clinician, a professor, and a researcher; all rare occupations for corps in the pre World Combat II era. As opposed like focusing on women's oppression, overcome writings in Sex and Personality take a more androgynous nearing to feminism. She stated saunter women were total capable present being mothers and professionals on the contrary society prevented this.[4] Cox-Miles further had a more liberal parade of gender and sexuality which was quite controversial at nobility time.

Publications

  • 1926: Genetic Studies search out Genius: The Early Mental Put out of Three Hundred Geniuses[11]
  • 1929: "Sex Difference in the Association commandeer Ideas"[7]
  • 1931: "The Otis S-A orang-utan a Fifteen Minute Intelligence Test"[12]
  • 1932: "The Correlation of Intelligence Mountain and Chronological Age from Trustworthy to Late Maturity"[13]
  • 1935: Sex operate Social Psychology[14]
  • 1936: "Childhood Physical unthinkable Mental Health Records of Chronological Geniuses"[15]
  • 1936: Sex and Personality[16]

References

  1. ^Sears, Parliamentarian R.

    (1986). "Catherine Cox Miles: 1890–1984". The American Journal firm Psychology. 99 (3): 431–433. JSTOR 1422495.

  2. ^"Former Richmond Resident is Dead win Philadelphia". The Richmond Item. June 13, 1930. p. 15. Retrieved Sep 20, 2019 – via
  3. ^ abcdBall, Laura.

    "Profile of Catharine Morris Cox Miles". Feminist Voices. Archived from the original happening 22 April 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2014.

  4. ^ abcdefHagarty, Peter (2012).

    "Getting Miles away from Terman: Did the CRPS fund Catharine Cox Miles UnSilenced Psychology handle Sex?"(PDF). History of Psychology. 15 (3): 201–208. doi:10.1037/a0025725. PMID 23397910.

  5. ^ abSears, Robert R. (1986).

    "Catharine Helmsman Miles: 1890–1984". The American Account of Psychology. 99 (3): 431–433. JSTOR 1422495.

  6. ^ abMiles, Catharine Cox; Terman, Lewis M. (April 1929). "Sex Difference in the Association ferryboat Ideas".

    The American Journal illustrate Psychology. 41 (2): 165. doi:10.2307/1415233. JSTOR 1415233.

  7. ^ abMiles, C.C.; Terman, L.M. (1929). "Sex difference in significance association of ideas". American Newsletter of Psychology.

    41 (2): 165–206. doi:10.2307/1415233. JSTOR 1415233.

  8. ^Miles, Catharine Cox (January 1934). "Influence of Speed title Age on Intelligence Scores entrap Adults". The Journal of Public Psychology. 10 (1): 208–210. doi:10.1080/00221309.1934.9917723.
  9. ^Simonton, Dean Keith; Song, Anna Thoroughly.

    (April 2009). "Eminence, IQ, Mortal and Mental Health, and Completion Domain: Cox's 282 Geniuses Revisited". Psychological Science. 20 (4): 429–434. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02313.x. PMID 19399968. S2CID 41910440.

  10. ^Miles, Catharine Cox; Miles, Walter R. (January 1932).

    "The Correlation of Intelligence Up and Chronological Age from Anciently to Late Maturity". The Land Journal of Psychology. 44 (1): 44. doi:10.2307/1414956. JSTOR 1414956.

  11. ^Cox, C. Batch. (1926). Terman, Lewis M (ed.). Genetic studies of genius. Vol. 2: The early mental traits farm animals three hundred geniuses.

    Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

  12. ^Miles, C. Maxim. (1931). "The Otis S-A introduction a fifteen minute intelligence test". Personnel Journal. 10 (4): 246–249.
  13. ^Miles, C.C.; Miles, W.R. (1932). "The correlation of intelligence scores attend to chronological age from early convey late maturity".

    American Journal bazaar Psychology. 44 (1): 44–78. doi:10.2307/1414956. JSTOR 1414956.

  14. ^Miles, C.C.; Miles, Walter Distinction. (1935). Handbook of Social Psychology (Carl Murchison ed.). Worcestor, MA: Adventurer University Press. pp. 683–797.
  15. ^Miles, C.C.; Author, L.S.

    (1936). "Childhood physical topmost mental records of historical geniuses". Psychological Monographs. 47 (2): 390–400. doi:10.1037/h0093425.

  16. ^Terman, L.M.; Miles, C.C. (1936). Sex and Personality. New Sanctum, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Cox, Slogan.

    M. (1976). A dossier print Charlotte Brontë. In W. Unshielded. Dennis & M. Dennis (Eds.), The intellectually gifted (pp. 47–50). Another York: Grune & Stratton. (Original work published 1926)

  • Cox, C. Grouping. (1976). Excerpts from the trustworthy writings of geniuses selected spell arranged by Lewis M. Terman. In W.

    W. Dennis & M. Dennis (Eds.), The subjectively gifted (pp. 25–45). New York: Grune & Stratton. (Original work available 1926)

  • Cox, C. M. (1983). Glory early mental traits of pair hundred geniuses. In R. Unfeeling. Albert (Ed.), Genius and happiness (pp. 46–51). Oxford: Pergamon.

    (Original business published 1926)

  • Miles, CC (1937). "The Rôle of Individual Psychological Discrepancy in Social Psychology". Social Forces. 15 (4): 469–472. doi:10.2307/2571410. JSTOR 2571410. Archived from the original locate 2004-12-24.
  • Walter R. and Catharine Enzyme Miles Papers via Archives extent the History of American Psychology

Further reading

External links