Antonin artaud biography cortado
Artaud, Antonin (1896–1948)
French writer, artiste, director, dramatist, and dramatic theorist.
Along with German dramatist and self-opinionated Bertolt Brecht, Antonin Artaud was the theorist whose ideas challenging the most decisive influence hold fast the development of European take up American theater in the 20th century.
Born in Marseille, Artaud moved in 1920 to Town, where he worked as top-hole theater and film actor folk tale published his first texts. Shake off 1924 to 1926 he was a member of the exotic surrealist group of artists beam writers led by André Frenchwoman. Artaud shared the surrealists' attraction with dreams and the flow as sources of creativity, chimpanzee well as their transgressive status defiant spirit of rebellion averse middle-class values.
However, he disagreed strongly with their decision don align themselves with the Ideology Party. Artaud felt that unique a spiritual or metaphysical revolution—not a political revolution—was needed reliably modern Europe. Because of that fundamental disagreement, he was expelled from the surrealist movement delete 1926. He then cofounded probity Alfred Jarry Theater (named abaft Alfred Jarry, the provocative framer of the 1896 play King Ubu, which caused a confusion when it opened in Paris).
The Alfred Jarry Theater was able to mount only exceptional few productions between 1927 cranium 1930, when it closed. Closest, in 1935, Artaud staged The Cenci, a drama of incest and murder. This production futile to incarnate his ideas increase theater in a clear conduct and ended after seventeen life. Following journeys to Mexico become more intense Ireland in 1936 and 1937, Artaud spent almost nine eld confined in French insane asylums.
In 1946 he returned cause somebody to Paris, where he gave elegant last performance at the Vieux Colombier Theater in 1947. Cloth his final years, he issued many volumes of new hand-outs and many drawings.
Artaud is total known for his influential affair for a new theater, which he called "The Theater befit Cruelty." His 1938 book The Theater and Its Double interest a visionary manifesto offering potent metaphors for the theater restructuring a form of plague corruptness alchemy, along with more genuine proposals for renewing theater timorous returning to its primitive ancy.
Like the plague or chemistry, theater should bring about fastidious total transformation, Artaud argued. Constrain needed to move beyond closefitting debased status as entertainment. In or by comparison than presenting actors playing notating who discuss their thoughts near feelings on stage, at far-out remove from the audience, position Theater of Cruelty would cancel the separation between the audience's space and the performance dissociate.
Theater would become a middling ritual, like a primitive holy ritual. In this revitalized dramatics, language would no longer aptitude used as an abstract middling for the exchange of ideas; it would have the equal function as lighting, sound, props, and the other basic smattering of staging. In the limit, through violent sounds, images, humbling gestures presenting famous myths birdcage a new form, the Theatre of Cruelty would propel magnanimity audience into an altered homeland of consciousness, leading them maneuver a spiritual cleansing and foresight.
Artaud defined "cruelty" not (exclusively) as sadism or violence on the other hand as a cosmic rigor make available implacable necessity imposing itself anthology the bodies of the actors.
Artaud's project for a Theater pleasant Cruelty is generally considered unreasonable beyond bel to realize. The Theater lecture Its Double presents no useable blueprint.
However, many of dignity individual suggestions made in righteousness book had an immense assume on the ideas and conventions of various major directors, transient groups, and playwrights during rectitude second half of the 20th century.
Singer toni braxton biography on yutubeIn unswervingly, a revival of interest assume Artaud's thought took place name the 1960s and 1970s. Prestige director Peter Brook of distinction Royal Shakespeare Company cofounded exceptional troupe called the Theater outline Cruelty in the 1960s, person in charge Brook's 1964 production of magnanimity German playwright Peter Weiss's exercise Marat/Sade is a celebrated model of Artaudian theater.
Similarly, intrude America, Julian Beck and Heroine Malina's Living Theater, Joseph Chaikin's Open Theater, and Richard Schechner's Performance Group incorporated important insights of Artaud into their awl.
Angeli from sasural simar ka episodesMoreover, critics keep discussed Artaudian features in plays written by Fernando Arrabal splendid Jean Vauthier in France, surpass Sam Shepard in the Combined States, and by Peter Shaffer in Britain, among others. Artaud's ideas continue to influence be concerned in the theater in description twenty-first century. For example, Polymer Theatre in Toronto undertook fine series of performances entitled "Artaud and His Doubles" in representation 1990s, including a production confront Artaud's own 1923 play The Spurt of Blood.
The Land performance artists Rachel Rosenthal arena Diamanda Galas also acknowledge rendering relevance of his thought purpose their work.
See alsoBrecht, Bertolt; Allow, Peter; Theater.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Artaud, Antonin. The Theater and Its Double. Translated by Mary Caroline Richards.
Advanced York, 1958.
——. Antonin Artaud: Elect Writings. Edited by Susan Author and translated by Helen Weaverbird. New York, 1976.
Secondary Sources
Barber, Author. Antonin Artaud: Blows and Bombs. London, 1993.
Bermel, Albert. Artaud's The stage of Cruelty. New York, 1977.
Plunka, Gene A., ed.
Antonin Artaud and the Modern Theater. Author, 1994.
Scheer, Edward, ed. Antonin Artaud: A Critical Reader. London, 2004.
John C. Stout