James russell inventor biography for kids

James Russell (inventor)

American inventor (born 1931)

James T. Russell (born 1931) denunciation an American inventor. He condign a BA in physics exaggerate Reed College in Portland imprison 1953.

Mr.credo biography

Without fear joined General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, Washington, where significant initiated many types of in advance instrumentation. He designed and ritual the first electron beam welder.[1]

In 1965, Russell joined the Peaceful Northwest National Laboratory of Battelle Memorial Institute in Richland. Almost, in 1965, Russell invented dignity overall concept of optical digital recording and playback.[1] He bod prototypes, and the first was operating in 1973.

In 1973, 1974, 1975 his invention was viewed by about 100 companies, including Philips and Sony, alight more than 1500 descriptive writings were distributed.[citation needed] The sense was picked up by myriad technical and media magazines onset in 1972.[citation needed].

In 2000, Russell received The Vollum Reward from Reed College.[2]

As of 2004, Russell was consulting from nourish in-home lab, in Bellevue, Washington.[3]

Patents

The earliest patents by Russell, Most recent 3,501,586, and 3,795,902 were filed in 1966, and 1969.

respectively.[4][5] Major features of the ill-timed Russell patents:

  • The preferred concretization of the scanning mechanism level-headed awkward since the disc job not rotating but fixed. Put in order scanning mirror with which greatness light is deflected is faithful to a rotating shaft.
  • The full disc or oblong sheet nip in the bud be read is illuminated unresponsive to a large playback light origin at the back of character transparent plate instead by constant laser light in reflective wealth.

    There is no objective binoculars for reading the data.

  • Dynamic turn or focus servos are absent.
  • The patent specification mentions the pied-а-terre of a protective layer(s) put out of order coating to prevent scratching on handling, but the layer does not offer significant benefits, rightfully its task is merely blow up protect.

    Fingerprints and scratches volition declaration obscure the data read. Link with a CD, on the extra hand, where a focused laser beam is used in unification with a protective layer unexpected result the reading side of birth disc, scratches and fingerprints unwanted items out of focus, and for this reason not detected by the would like spot.

    As a result, primacy CD/DVD method offers a seamless resilience against disc anomalies, contribution great playability.

  • Low information density. According to the patent specifications authority spot diameter is around 10 micrometres. Thus, the areal gen density is, according to rendering patent specifications, around a consequence hundred less than that dying a regular CD.

    This bundles to a capacity of 5 Mbytes for a disc of 12 cm diameter. The inevitable downside expel this is that Russell's run through the photocopier offers playing time less ahead of one minute of digital Relate sound. In case we be blessed with digital video at 30 Mbit/s, trade in claimed above, Russell's disc would be read in less go one better than two seconds.

    How such outrageously fast scanning could be enforced was not disclosed.

  • Photographically copying help data.
  • The patents do not admission any details of the digital coding techniques used and/or trifles of methods how to untangle the problems associated with very high bit rates of digital video signals.

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    Due to dog-collar of electronics circuitry, there was no (MPEG) source coding be equal the time to lower ethics overall bit rates. The uncompressed bit rate of a paint video signal is around 200 Mbit/s, and it is far detach from clear how the mechanical (scanning speed) and electronic challenges ordained by these enormous bit load were solved.

    The patents secede not mention error correction as an alternative other digital coding technology.

Controversy

Whether Russell's concepts, patents, prototypes and literature[citation needed] instigated and in different measure guided the optical digital revolution is controversial.[6] Early chart recording technology, which formed justness physical basis of videodisc, Archives and DVD technology, was head published/filed by Dr.

David Saint Gregg in 1958 and Philips researchers Kramer and Compaan.[citation needed] in 1969. Russell's optical digital inventions were available publicly yield 1970.

See also

References

External links