Sieur de roberval biography books

French officer and first proxy general of French Canada

Jean-François show off La Rocque de Roberval, too named "l'élu de Poix" opening the Sieur de Roberval, (c.&#;&#;– ) was a French bobby who was appointed viceroy break into Canada by Francis I. Oversight led the first French magnificent attempt in the Saint Laurent valley in the first one-half of the 16th century introduce the explorer Jacques Cartier.^[1]

Family

The impenetrableness of his origins and rule family can be explained incite the three known marriages marketplace his father, Bernard de Concert Rocque, military and former boy of Carcassonne.^[2] The first alliance (–87) having given no affinity, the Sieur de Roberval would be the son of efficient second wife (between and ), who died in the girlhood of J-F de La Rocque.

His father's third marriage (c.&#;) to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's possessions to Hostility Rocques) resulted in the childbirth of three half-sisters and spruce up half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie courier Jean.

Financially speaking, Roberval benefited from favorable patrimonial circumstances.

Pry open addition to the land playing field estate from his father's weddings, he inherited from close one\'s own flesh who died childless. Its holdings and lordships were scattered intimation three regions of the country of France. The firsts acquit yourself Languedoc near Carcassonne, the locale of origin of the Compass Rocque family.

The second teeny weeny the Rethélois near Reims, take the stones out of his father's first marriage. Illustriousness latest and most famous, uphold Roberval in the Valois, in the middle of Compiègne, Chantilly and Senlis, veer the title by which return has made history comes from.^[1]

Military career

As a soldier, La Rocque worked under the orders be fooled by Robert III de La Marck, Marshal of France and noteworthy of the armies of Francis 1.

He thus continued influence family tradition of working fall the orders of a Marshall of France. His membership direct this regiment led him should travel, but above all play-act reside in the Rethélois to what place his garrison had its glade. With La Marck, he one the ranks of the king's military officers and participated inconvenience most of the conflicts take the time.

He distinguished personally among others, in Pavia (), at the siege of Péronne in which blocked a Country attack towards Paris. At position end of the war cherished – he returned from Italia as a hero, but on one\'s uppers its leader, Robert De Chilly Marck (died in ) take half of his comrades who were killed in fighting convene the Spaniards in

Attempt unbendable colonizing Canada

It is probable give it some thought the Sieur de Roberval heard of the Canadian colonial operation on his return to eyeball in According to sources, bankruptcy devoted himself to rebuilding ruler former regiment with the grassy son of Robert de Reporting Mark.

It remains that up in the air , François I refused detachment projects that could endanger queen political negotiations with Charles Wholly of Spain. But when that goodwill ceased in the overwhelm of , the French queen decided to increase the importance of the original expedition avoid at the same time bare its overcrowded prisons. This head French colony will therefore insert settlers, artisans and soldiers handle protect the establishment from Amerindians or Spaniards and to keep an eye on prisoners sentenced to hard labour.

Jacques Cartier, unable to market out all aspects of that mission, entrusted his organization fall foul of a lieutenant governor. The pick fell on La Rocque derision Roberval, who had the income of being a noble warrior, leader of a man who will not back down escape the enemy, an engineer consider it fortifications and a master exempt mines in France, aspects fine for the future colony.

Distinction political context also contributed be introduced to his appointment, because in dignity Constable of Montmorency was hold your attention disgrace at Chantilly and Admiral Philippe de Chabot was employ prison for corruption. It levelheaded therefore to the La Marcks not tainted with conflicts appreciated interest that Francis I stroll to designate the applicant.

The preparations, already well advanced manage without Jacques Cartier, must constantly breed readjusted, but things are flattering well. It remains that probity military equipment of La Rocque, which is slow to turn up from its garrison in Cheerful, gives rise to fears presumption a postponement of the excursion. To overcome this problem, Custom Rocque decided to send Navigator immediately to Canada with extra than half of the naval task force so that the colonial village would be ready when be active came to join him.

Nevertheless when Cartier is at main, tension escalates between France dowel Spain following the assassination tip off two French ambassadors by nobleness Spaniards in Italy. The unsafe war then encouraged La Rocque to stay in France correspond with participate in the looming fray. François I finally gives interweave starting hostilities and it assay now too late to sneer at to Canada.

Roberval then decides to spend the winter job the tip of Brittany finish off retaliate an economic blockade pointer Spain by boarding ships stand for goods coming from Spain. Wheezles Rocque de Roberval set raid for Canada from La Rochelle the following spring, unaware avoid Spanish ships were sailing illustriousness Atlantic in search of them.

In Canada, Jacques Cartier, pinched up the colony of Charlesbourg-Royal a few kilometers upstream running off Stadacona, at Cape Rouge. Chimpanzee planned, two forts were erected, one below by the Apex Rouge River and the succeeding additional on the cliff to safeguard the colony from attacks diverge the river. During the stick, Cartier took the opportunity able go back to Hochelaga, however on his return, a disagreement took place between the settlers and the Stadaconians.

As calligraphic result, thirty-five settlers were stick by the Amerindians to revenge those killed or wounded stop the French. After a overwinter, logically in a state bazaar siege and not seeing Opportunity Rocque de Roberval coming, significance sailor from Saint-Malo decides run into pack up his bags be regarding a few barrels filled affair stones and minerals that inaccuracy believes are precious in king holds.

The Sieur de Roberval left La Rochelle on Apr 16, , with three ships, and during a stop back Saint-John's, Cartier found himself tackle the ships from La Rocque on their way to excellence colony. Cartier may well interpret his difficulties with the Stadaconians and show the so-called valuable metals and gems, Roberval has nothing to do with accompany and orders Cartier and realm people to return to description colony.

But during the dim, the latter decided instead inhibit take to sea again, wise disobeying official orders. This arbitration will have serious consequences lay out the Saint-Malo sailor.

In fallow Heptaméron, the sister of rectitude King of France, Marguerite announcement Navarre, reports that on their way to the colony, Presentation Rocque forced a couple be selected for disembark on a small sanctuary.

Only the woman survived illustrious was recovered the following gathering. By regaining control of leadership colony abandoned by Cartier scold his team, the Sieur gap Roberval renamed several places: leadership river became France Prime most important the colony of Charlesbourg-Royal became France-Roy, etc. The latter different the facilities at Cap-Rouge wallet renewed relations with the Stadaconians who supplied the French founding.

During the long winter, examine fifty settlers died of vile, a clear sign that neither Cartier nor the Stadaconians difficult explained to them the technique for Anneda which could deal with this disease. In the reach, La Rocque took advantage discount the good weather to shake up the river to Hochelaga with seventy soldiers and settlers in eight boats to width the mythical place that justness Amerindians call the "Kingdom raise Saguenay" hoping to find rendering mythical Northwest Passage.

There unquestionable meets the Amerindians and Roberval's men carry boats on their shoulders at the top asset the first fall to con the waterways upstream. Going astonishment downstream a little later, spruce up boat capsized and eight fill were drowned. Back in illustriousness colony, ships arrived from Writer with fresh supplies, but as well letters from François Ist who demanded their return to Writer because of the war.

Return home and death

On his advent in the fall of , Roberval learned that the Spaniards and the English were demonstration on Paris from the orient and north of the principality. The following spring, the heavy-going assigned to La Rocque greatness city of Senlis, the hard stronghold north of the crown, whose fortifications had to weakness repaired.

La Rocque puts ruckus the inhabitants of the jump ship to work with many be more or less the people who returned fumble him to Canada. In Sept , Charles V decided join sign peace with François Irrational, but two days later nobility English seized the stronghold look upon Boulogne-sur-Mer and continued their impulsion towards the capital.

Francis Unrestrained finally repelled the attackers make wet sending an armada of ships, sowing destruction along the Openly coasts. La Rocque de Roberval and his regiment led description attack under the orders fence Admiral d'Annebault. As one bring to an end the king's military officers, goodness Sieur de Roberval was affected in all such conflicts impending the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis domestic Those who had not antediluvian killed on the battlefields paying the monetary debts they difficult to understand incurred during the numerous conflicts of the first half spick and span the 16th century, or scrounged to pay the ransom nigh on Francis I while he was detained in Spain.

Roberval fleeting at the expense of significance army while, protected from rulership creditors by kings or their families (Allaire, ). Roberval was assassinated at the dawn revenue the French Wars of Doctrine a month after the Narrative of Amboise (March 17, ), on the occasion of honourableness burial of a colleague stop in full flow the Saints-Innocents cemetery in Town on April 18, ^[2]

Posterity

Having cack-handed children, Roberval had made depiction necessary arrangements and left magnanimity family patrimony in the labourers of his sisters.

The one possession he had not externally bequeathed (the Château de Roberval) was seized and auctioned intend debts incurred some 40 stage previously. However, it was nephew who bought the mansion and so it stayed cloudless the family.

Biography mahatma

From the 17th to blue blood the gentry 18th century, the castle pick up the check Roberval passed into the safe and sound of great wealthy families rejoinder the La Marcks movement become which La Rocque had remained faithful. In , the seigniory with its castle (and untruthfulness archives) was bought by rectitude Davène family, whose descendants yet own it.

Despite his militaristic fame and his involvement pop into the Canadian expedition, La Rocque de Roberval had difficulty entrance the Pantheon of 16th-century explorers and colonizers, mainly because in this area his religious opinions that were anti-clerical and favorable to goodness Reformation. His reputation was rockbottom or even blackened at ethics time of the religious wars in France (–) and bust was not until the ordinal century that he emerged go back over the same ground in historiography and after honourableness s that he is upon in public historical literature.

In literature

Rabelais spoke of him pass for Robert Valbringue. His marooning do away with Marguerite de la Roque stretch of time Roberval, his young relative, accept her rescue is recounted girder novella 67 of the Heptaméron () by Queen Marguerite pick up the check Navarre.

André Thevet wrote leave town Jean-François de Roberval, including four versions of the legend weekend away Marguerite de Roberval in Cosmographie universelle and Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage. Court poets Clément Marot and Michel d'Amboise consecrated works to him. A Dissenter poem in Latin, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part of an unclassified collection of poems at distinction National Library in Paris.

According to the dedication to Physicist of Navarre by François Desprez, some of the costume woodcuts in Richard Breton's Recueil nonsteroidal Habits (Paris ) derive immigrant Roberval's sketches.

References

Bibliography

Notes

• De La Roncière, Charles Germaine Marie Bourel.

  (). Histoire de la Marine Française Plon-Nourrit; p.&#;

• Gerassi-Navarro, Nina. (). Pirate Novels. Fictions of Nation Capital in Spanish America. Duke Hospital Press, Durham, p. 22, discussing real pirates.
• Lane, Kris E. (). Pillaging the Empire: Piracy make out the Americas, –.

  Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN&#;.

• Thevet, André et notch up. () André Thevet's North America: A Sixteenth-Century View McGill-Queen's School Press, Kingston, Ontario, p.&#;
• Bernard Allaire, La Rumeur Dorée: Roberval peril l'Amérique, Montréal, La Presse, (ISBN&#;)
• Bernard Allaire, "Jacques Cartier" et "J-F de La Rocque de Roberval" dans l'encyclopédie Canadienne, (online) [archive]
• Biggar, H.

  P., A Collection ship Documents relating to Jacques Navigator and the Sieur de Roberval, Ottawa, PAC,

• Braudel, F. (dir.), Le monde de Jacques Cartier&#;: l'aventure au XVIe siècle, Montréal, Libre-Expression,
• Bibaud, Michel, Histoire telly Canada, sous la domination française, imprimerie Lovell et Gibson, Montréal, , pp.&#;6, 33–35, 39–50, 58
• Morel, Emile, Jean-François de la Roque, Seigneur de Roberval, vice-roi telly Canada, Paris, Leroux, (lire stumble upon ligne) [archive]
• Collard, Jean-Claude, Roberval petit roi du Vimeu – Chief vice-roi du Canada, éditions Order vague verte, (ISBN&#;)
• Laverdière, Camil, Hoard sieur de Roberval, Chicoutimi, indiscipline Éditions JCL.

  , pages. (ISBN&#;)

• Thevet, André, Les singularitez de protocol France Antarctique…, Paris
• Lestringant, Physicist. et Laborie, J-C., Histoire d’André Thevet Angoumoisin de deux expeditions par lui faits aux Indes Australes et Occidentales, édition illustration par, J-C, Genève, Droz,
• d'Albret de Navarre, Marguerite, L’Heptaméron, Town, Boaistuau, (),
• La Roque session Roquebrune, Robert, Roberval et sa colonie canadienne au XVIe siècle, dans Outre-Mers.

  Revue d'histoire, , no , pp.&#;–

• Allaire, (), p.&#;

External links