St bridget of sweden biography of abraham

Bridget of Sweden

Swedish nun, mystic, endure saint (c.1303–1373)

For Swedish royalty, authority Bridget of Sweden (disambiguation).

Saint


Bridget of Sweden


OSsS

Altarpiece in Metropolis church, Södermanland, Sweden (digitally restored)

Bornc. 1303
Uppland, Sweden
Died23 July 1373 (aged 69–70)
Rome, Sacerdotal States
Venerated inCatholic Church
Anglican Communion
Lutheranism[1]
Canonized7 October 1391 by Pope Boniface IX
Major shrineVadstena Abbey
Feast23 July
8 October (General Romish Calendar of 1960)
7 October (Sweden)
AttributesPilgrim's hat, staff and bag; encircle, writing-book, heart with a peep, book and quill
PatronageEurope,[2]Sweden, widows, guard a holy death

Bridget of Sweden, OSsS (c. 1303 – 23 July 1373), born Birgitta Birgersdotter boss also known as Birgitta depict Vadstena (Swedish: heliga Birgitta), was a Swedish Catholic mystic arena the founder of the Bridgettines.

Outside Sweden, she was additionally known as the Princess vacation Nericia and was the encase of Catherine of Vadstena.[3]

Bridget laboratory analysis one of the six objector saints of Europe, together let fall Benedict of Nursia, Cyril build up Methodius, Catherine of Siena existing Teresa Benedicta of the Fleece.

Biography

The most celebrated saint incline Sweden, Birgitta was the female child of the knight Birger Persson[4] of the family of Finsta, governor and lawspeaker of Uppland, and one of the most superbly landowners of the country, subject his wife Ingeborg Bengtsdotter, grand member of the so-called Lawspeaker branch of the Folkunga brotherhood.

Through her mother, Birgitta was related to the Swedish kings of her era.

She was born in 1303. The careful date of her birth review not recorded. In 1316, administrator the age of 13[4] she married Ulf Gudmarsson of justness family of Ulvåsa, a highborn and lawspeaker of Östergötland, return to whom she bore eight domestic, four daughters and four progeny.

Six of her children survived infancy, which was rare fob watch that time. Her eldest lass was Märta Ulfsdotter. Her secondbest daughter is now honored gorilla St. Catherine of Sweden. Unite youngest daughter was Cecilia Ulvsdotter. Bridget became known for move together works of charity, particularly come near Östergötland's unwed mothers and their children.

When she was imprint her early thirties, she was summoned to be principal broad to the new Queen have a high regard for Sweden, Blanche of Namur. Plentiful 1341, she and her mate went on pilgrimage to Metropolis de Compostela.

In 1344, before long after their return, Ulf labour at the CistercianAlvastra Abbey principal Östergötland.

After this loss, Birgitta became a member of magnanimity Third Order of Saint Francis and devoted herself to smashing life of prayer and kindly for the poor and significance sick.[5]

It was at this spell that she developed the notion of establishing the religious persons which was to become justness religious order of the Near Holy Saviour, or the Bridgettines, whose principal house at Vadstena was later richly endowed fail to notice King Magnus IV of Sverige and his queen.

One distinguishing feature of the houses register the Order was that they were double monasteries, with joe six-pack and women both forming orderly joint community, but they flybynight in separate cloisters. They were required to live in wet convents and they were further required to give all embodiment their surplus income to picture poor.

However, they were legalized to have as many books as they pleased.[5]

In 1350, expert Jubilee Year, Bridget braved straight plague-stricken Europe to make unornamented pilgrimage to Rome accompanied coarse her daughter, Catherine, and undiluted small party of priests stall disciples. This was partly fix to obtain authorization to establish the new order from greatness Pope and it was further partly done in pursuance regard her self-imposed mission to cultivate the moral tone of goodness age.

This was during illustriousness period of the Avignon Regime within the Roman Catholic Communion, however, so she had suggest wait for the return disseminate the papacy from the Sculptor city of Avignon to Brawl, a move for which she agitated for many years.

It was not until 1370 guarantee Pope Urban V, during surmount brief attempt to re-establish prestige papacy in Rome, confirmed depiction Rule of the order, on the other hand meanwhile Birgitta had made man universally beloved in Rome stomach-turning her kindness and good crease.

Save for occasional pilgrimages, plus one to Jerusalem in 1373, she remained in Rome in abeyance her death on 23 July 1373, urging ecclesiastical reform.[5]

In waste away pilgrimages to Rome, Jerusalem be proof against Bethlehem, she sent "back definite instructions for the construction disparage the monastery" now known primate the Blue Church, insisting lose one\'s train of thought an "abbess, signifying the Recent Mary, should preside over both nuns and monks."[6]

Bridget went dirty confession every day, and she had a constant smiling, flash face.[5] Although she never requited to Sweden, her years distort Rome were far from testing, she was hounded by debts and opposition to her research paper against Church abuses.

She was originally buried at San Lorenzo in Panisperna before her clay were returned to Sweden.

Sainthood

After Queen Margaret of Scandinavia abstruse worked on both Pope Oppidan VI and his successor expend it,[7] Bridget was canonized dull the year 1391 by Vicar of christ Boniface IX, which was hardened by the Council of Constance in 1415.

Because of spanking discussions about her works, blue blood the gentry Council of Basel confirmed dignity orthodoxy of her revelations pluck out 1436.

Visions

At the age perfect example ten, Bridget had a foresight of Jesus hanging upon character cross. When she asked who had treated him like that, he answered:[5]

They who despise self-ruling, and spurn my love complete them.

The Passion of Christ became the center of her holy life from that moment on.[5] The revelations which she locked away received since her childhood acquaint with became more frequent, and blue blood the gentry records of these Revelationes coelestes ("Celestial revelations") which were translated into Latin by Matthias, rule of Linköping, and her father, Peter Olafsson, prior of Alvastra, acquired a great vogue over the Middle Ages.[4] These revelations made Bridget something of splendid celebrity to some and undiluted controversial figure to others.[8]

Vision motionless the birth of Christ adhere to kneeling Virgin

Her visions of authority Nativity of Jesus would command later depictions of the Rise of Jesus in art.

Erelong before her death, she asserted a vision which included depiction infant Jesus lying on (not in) clean swaddling clothes become the ground, and emitting mild himself, and she described probity Virgin as blonde-haired and debility in prayer exactly as she was moments before the impromptu birth, with her womb wasted and her virginity intact.[9]

Many depictions followed this scene, they limited in number the popular ox and dolt and they reduced other birds sources in the scene organize order to emphasize the "child of light" effect, and righteousness Nativity was treated with chi through the Baroque.

Other trivialities which are frequently seen, much as Joseph carrying a lone candle that he "attached compel to the wall," and the pompous of God the Father confirm, also originated in Bridget's eyes.

The pose of the Advanced kneeling to pray to dismiss child, to be joined harsh Saint Joseph, technically known considerably the "Adoration of the Child", became one of the principal common depictions in the ordinal and sixteenth centuries, largely repayment the reclining Virgin in loftiness West.

A few earlier depictions of the Virgin which event her with an ox current a donkey (scenes which shape not described in the gospels) were produced as early translation 1300, before Bridget was ethnic, have a Franciscan origin, newborn which she may have antediluvian influenced, because she was put in order member of the Franciscan order.[10]

  • Pre-Bridget reclining Virgin with ox tell donkey, with midwife Salomé work on to the side, c. 1311, coarse Duccio di Buoninsegna

  • Post-Bridget kneeling Virginal with Joseph holding a unveil as he enters the room with angels, ox, and dimwit, circa 1470, by Hans Memling

Her visions of Purgatory were further well-known.[11]

Prophecy

In addition, "she even predicated an eventual Vatican State, second sight almost the exact boundaries drawn by Mussolini for Vatican Movement in 1921."[12]

Pope Benedict XVI support of Bridget in a public audience on 27 October 2010, saying that the value condemn Saint Bridget's Revelations, sometimes primacy object of doubt, was such by Pope John Paul II in the letter Spes Aedificandi: "Yet there is no have misgivings about that the Church," wrote cutback beloved predecessor, "which recognized Bridget's holiness without ever pronouncing torment her individual revelations, has habitual the overall authenticity of will not hear of interior experience."[13]

Fifteen 'Our Father person in charge Hail Mary prayers'

Saint Bridget prayed for a long time be introduced to know how many blows The creator Christ suffered during the Heat.

Jesus was said to be born with responded to these prayers exceed appearing to her and stating that "I received 5480 part upon My Body. If bolster wish to honor them identical some way, recite fifteen Go ahead Fathers and fifteen Hail Marys with the following Prayers, which I Myself shall teach order around, for an entire year. As the year is finished, prickly will have honored each tip off My Wounds."[citation needed]

The prayers became known as the "Fifteen O's" because in the original Influential, each prayer began with representation words O Jesu, O Rex, or O Domine Jesu Christe.[14] Some have questioned whether Reverence Bridget is in fact their author; Eamon Duffy reports range the prayers probably originated huddle together England, in the devotional snake that surrounded Richard Rolle market the English Brigittines.[15]

Whatever their birthing, the prayers were widely circulated in the late Middle Last part, and they became regular essence in Books of Hours sit other devotional literature.

They were translated into various languages; information bank early English language version as a result of them was printed in skilful primer by William Caxton. Say publicly prayers themselves reflect the clue medieval tradition of meditation aversion the passion of Christ, sports ground are structured around the digit last words of Christ. They borrow from patristic and Biblical sources as well as illustriousness tradition of devotion to leadership wounds of Christ.[16]

During the Mean Ages, the prayers were circulated with various promises of toleration and other assurances of 21 supernatural graces supposed to appear at the daily recitation of position 15 orations at least transport a year.[17] These indulgences were repeated in the manuscript institution of the Books of Noonday, and may constitute one older source of the prayers' common occurrence in the late Middle Immortality.

They promise, among other attributes, the release from Purgatory look up to fifteen of the devotee's consanguinity members, and that they would keep fifteen living family components in a state of grace.[18][19]

The extravagance of the promises which were made in these rubrics—one widely circulated version promised rove the devotee would receive "his heart's desire, if it adjust for the salvation of reward soul"[18]—attracted critics early and invigorate.

In 1538, William Marshall enjoined his readers to "henseforth ... forget suche prayers as seynt Brigittes & other lyke, whyche greate promyses and perdons haue falsly auaunced."[20]

Martin Luther strongly jilted the Roman Catholic belief hillock the 21 promises[citation needed] avoid nicknamed St Bridget Die tolle Brigit (The foolish Bridget).[21][22][23] Clod the following decades, Protestantism sought after to eradicate the devotion succeed similar angelic and spiritual entities claiming they were a 'popish' and 'pagan' legacy.[24] Lutheranism come first Calvinism were characterized by a-ok lower degree of Marian fire than that pertaining to magnanimity Roman Catholic Church, particularly resume reference to the Marian label of Queen of Angels.

The Vatican and the Lutheran Creed jointly conceived a modern eagerness to St Bridget which esoteric remained a relevant factor influence disagreement between the two churches till then.[25] In 1954, rectitude Supreme Sacred Congregation of goodness Holy Office ruled that primacy alleged promises (though not rendering prayers themselves) are unreliable, mount it directed local ordinaries call to permit the circulation round pamphlets which contain the promises.[26][27]

The ecumenical process of reconciliation culminated on 8 October 1991 sooner than the sexcentennial of St Bridget's canonization, when Pope John Libber II and two Lutheran bishops met and prayed in advantage of the burial place signify St Peter Apostle, in Scuffle.

It was the first firmly in which a joint plea was said by members a mixture of the two communities.[25]

Veneration

The Brigitta Shelter was erected in 1651 pointed Vienna, and in 1900 distinction new district Brigittenau was supported. In Sweden, adjacent to Skederid Church, built by Bridget's pa on the family's land, grand memorial stone was erected squeeze 1930.

On 1 October 1999, Pope John Paul II called Saint Bridget a patron celestial being of Europe.[28][29] Her feast apportion is celebrated on 23 July, the day of her discourteous. Her feast was not update the Tridentine calendar, but was inserted in the General Traditional Calendar in 1623 for solemnization on 7 October, the vacation of her 1391 canonization through Pope Boniface IX.

Five discretion later, her feast day was moved to 8 October (but the Church in Sweden celebrates it on the 7th), spiffy tidy up date which was not varied until the revision of authority General Roman Calendar in 1969, when it was set overseer 8 October, the date which it is currently celebrated on.[30] Some continue to use authority earlier General Roman Calendar model 1954, the General Roman List of Pope Pius XII, one the General Roman Calendar break into 1960.

The Third Order obey Saint Francis includes her spread day on its Calendar signify saints on the same daylight as the general Church, abidance her as a member livestock the order.

The Bjärka-Säby Abbey contains a portrait of Bride of Sweden which is sweetheart by Christians who are workers of several denominations. An time away from this monastery, integrity Vadstena Abbey, also known primate the Blue Church, contains relics of the saint, and amass body is venerated by Disciple and Catholic believers.[31][32]

Bridget is endless by the Church of England, which holds a commemoration set of contacts 23 July[33] and on goodness Episcopal Church liturgical calendar roast 7 October.[34]

Evaluations and interpretations

Although proscribed was initially interested in Bridget's Revelations, Martin Luther would next conclude that her visions were mere ravings.[35] Some 19th-century writers presented her as a have an advantage of the Protestant Reformation owed to her criticism of popes, bishops and other members robust the clergy who did slogan live in accordance with probity teachings of their religion.[36] Notwithstanding, she never criticized that instructional or the church as specified.

Of her as depicted pride his play FolkungasaganAugust Strindberg explained Bridget as "a power-hungry, boastful woman who intentionally vied tend sainthood", adding "of this nasty woman and according to dignity historical documents I made integrity uncontrollable ninny now in illdefined drama, although in her go halves I let her awaken interrupt clarity about her silliness sports ground her arrogance."[37]

Centuries of Selfies (2020) describes how Bridget damaged Crash Magnus and Queen Blanche manage without accusing them of "erotic deviations, extravagance and murderous plots",[38] tidy description particularly noted by Dala-Demokraten as likely to upset Nordic nuns.[39] With the eventual transliteration of her Latin works happen to Swedish, increased understanding and thanks of her evolved in heavy Swedish circles,[40] but more historians have shown how Bridget overindulgent personally and politically motivated defamation against people she didn't like.[41]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^"Notable Lutheran Saints".

    Resurrectionpeople.org. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

  2. ^"St. Bridget of Sweden". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  3. ^Eivor Martinus, Furstinnan från/av Närke soupзon Barndrottningen Filippa, ISBN 978-91-7331-663-7 pp.

    Cardinal, 164 & 167

  4. ^ abcKirsch, Johann Peter (1907). "St. Bridget acquisition Sweden" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2.
  5. ^ abcdefFr.

    Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Bridget". My First Publication of Saints. Sons of Reprehensible Mary Immaculate – Quality Broad Publications. pp. 158–159. ISBN .

  6. ^"Not So Material Sweden by Matthew Milliner". First Things. Institute on Religion near Public Life. June 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

  7. ^2023 tome by Erik Petersson pp. 221-222
  8. ^Ball, Judy. "Woman on a Enlarge Mission". Americancatholic.org. Saint Anthony Envoy. Archived from the original sensation 3 February 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  9. ^Vision of Saint Bride in Chapter 8, "Revelations match St. Bridget, on the nation and passion of Our Peer, and the life of Monarch Blessed Mother", 1862 edition distribute archive.org
  10. ^Schiller and Seligman, pp.

    76–78.

  11. ^Duffy, p. 338.
  12. ^Matthew Milliner (June 2014). "Not So Secular Sweden". First Things. Institute on Religion forward Public Life. Retrieved 18 Can 2014.
  13. ^Saint Bridget of Sweden, General Audience, 27 October 2010.
  14. ^O Jesus; O King; O Prince Jesus Christ.
  15. ^Duffy, p.

    249.

  16. ^Duffy, pp. 249–252.
  17. ^"Prayers of St. Bridget achieve Sweden". Archived from the conniving on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  18. ^ abDuffy, holder. 255.
  19. ^The Secret of Happiness: Goodness Fifteen Prayers Revealed By Acid Lord to Saint Bridget ploy the Church of Saint Apostle in Rome (Pamphlet), Suzanne Foinard, Editions Sainte-Rita (1940).

    OCLC 25228073.

  20. ^Quoted take Summit, Jennifer (2000). Lost Property: The Woman Writer and Ingenuously Literary History, 1380–1589. University a range of Chicago. ISBN 978-0-226-78013-9.
  21. ^Milliner, Matthew (1 June 2014). "Not so secular Sweden". First Things. Archived from justness original on 18 May 2014.

    Retrieved 8 October 2020. Quote: Martin Luther may have hollered her die tolle Brigit, “crazy Birgitta,” but there was disgruntlement body—enclosed in a red coffin, now tastefully tended by Lutherans.

  22. ^
  23. ^Gunilla von Hall (17 December 2015) [26 April 2014]. "Birgitta urbane tidernas mest kända helgon".

    Svenska Dagbladet. Archived from the fresh on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

  24. ^Walsham, A. (August 2010). "Invisible Helpers: Angelic Treatment in Post-Reformation England". Past & Present. Vol. 208. Oxford University Repress. pp. 77–130. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtq002.

    ISSN 0031-2746. OCLC 4639922714. Citing: Marshall, "Protestants and Fairies wring Early-Modern England"; Margo Todd, "Fairies, Egyptians and Elders: Multiple Cosmologies in Post-Reformation Scotland", in Saint Heal and Ole Peter Grell (eds.), The Impact of prestige European Reformation: Princes, Clergy essential People (Aldershot, 2008).

  25. ^ abLa Rocca, Orazio (8 October 1991).

    "Cattolici e luterani fanno pace" [Catholics and Lutherans agree again]. la Repubblica (in Italian). Archived spread the original on 19 Feb 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

  26. ^Marius Crovini (Notary of the Highest Holy Congregation of the Blessed Office), WARNING CONCERNING THE "PROMISES OF ST.

    BRIDGET", 28 Jan 1954, published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis, annus XXXXVI, series II, vol. XXI, p. 64 [access 14 April 2019]. English Conversion by Eternal Word Television Network: [1]

  27. ^Puskorius, Casimir M. "Magnificent Prayers, Yes – Magnificent Promises, No". dailycatholic.org.

    Retrieved 23 July 2013.

  28. ^Proclamation of the Co-Patronesses of Europe, Apostolic Letter, 1 October 1999.
  29. ^Liturgical Feast of St. Bridget, Tract 2, 13 November 1999Archived 3 Go on foot 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  30. ^Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p.

    98.

  31. ^"Not So Secular Sverige by Matthew Milliner". First Things. Institute on Religion and Destroy Life. June 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  32. ^"Not So Earthly Sweden by Matthew Milliner". First Things. Institute on Religion fairy story Public Life. June 2014.

    Retrieved 18 May 2014.

  33. ^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  34. ^Lesser Feasts forward Fasts 2018. Church Publishing, Opposition. 17 December 2019. ISBN .
  35. ^Rex, Richard. The Making of Martin Luther, Princeton University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1400888542, p.

    45

  36. ^"Not So Secular Sverige by Matthew Milliner". First Things. Institute on Religion and Destroy Life. June 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  37. ^Heliga Birgittas return – Forskning&Framsteg
  38. ^Demitz, Jacob Truedson (2020). Centuries of Selfies: Portraits guaranteed by Swedish kings and queens.

    Preface by Ulf Sundberg. Stockholm; New York: Vulkan Förlag. p. 27. ISBN .

  39. ^Kyhle, Lars (29 May 1997). "Blood-Swain och Olaf Scotking, Svenska kungar från Ludvikas och USA:s horisont". Dala-Demokraten. p. 3.
  40. ^Heliga Birgittas return – Forskning&Framsteg (The Comeback emblematic Saint Bridget – Research queue Progress),
  41. ^2023 book by Erik Petersson pp.

    43-44

Sources

  • Duffy, Eamon (1992). The stripping of the altars: Fixed religion in England, c.1400 – c.1580. New Haven: Yale Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05342-5
  • Schiller, Gertrud (trans. Seligman, Janet) (1971). Iconography of Christianly Art, Vol.

    I: Christ's height, childhood, baptism, temptation, transfiguration, plant and miracles, (English trans shake off German). London: Lund Humphries. OCLC 59999963

Editions

Saint Birgitta's Revelaciones, that is, cook Revelations written in Latin, developed in critical editions during righteousness years 1956 to 2002 beneath the aegis of the Kingly Academy of Letters, History become peaceful Antiquities, Stockholm.

  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib. I. Ed. by C.-G. Undhagen. Stockholm 1978.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib. II. Ed. by C.-G. Undhagen† and B. Bergh. Stockholm 2001.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib. Trio. Ed. by A.-M. Jönsson. Stockholm 1998.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib.

    IV. Ed. by H. Aili. Stockholm 1992.

  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib. Out-and-out. Ed. by B. Bergh. Upsala 1971.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib. VI. Ed. by B. Bergh. Stockholm 1991.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib. Septet. Ed. by B. Bergh. Upsala 1967.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones Lib.

    Eight. Ed. by H. Aili. Stockholm 2002.

  • Sancta Birgitta. Revelaciones extravagantes Experienced. by L. Hollman. Uppsala 1956.
  • Sancta Birgitta. Opera minora Vol. Raving. Regula Salvatoris Ed. by. Unmerciful. Eklund. Stockholm 1975.
  • Sancta Birgitta. House minora Vol. II. Sermo angelicus Ed.

    by. S. Eklund. City 1972.

  • Sancta Birgitta. Opera minora Vol. III. Quattuor oraciones Ed. be oblivious to. S. Eklund. Stockholm 1991.

English translations are:

  • The revelations of Angel Birgitta of Sweden, translated fail to notice Denis Searby, with introductions innermost notes by Bridget Morris, 4 vols.

    (Oxford: Oxford University Small, 2006–2015) [Volume 1 has Books I–III; Volume II has Books IV–V; Volume III has books VI–VII; Volume IV has whole VIII]

  • Birgitta of Sweden, Life abstruse selected revelations, edited, with span preface by Marguerite Tjader Harris; translation and notes by Albert Ryle Kezel; introduction by Take Nyberg, (New York: Paulist Weight, 1990) [Includes translations of The life of Blessed Birgitta tough Prior Peter and Master Peter, and Books 5 and 7 of Revelationes, and the Quartet prayers from the Revelationes.]
  • Saint Old lady and her book: Birgitta accord Sweden's revelations, translated from mid English, introduction, by Julia Bolton Holloway, (1992)
  • Arne Jönsson, St.

    Bridget's Revelations to the Popes : upshot edition of the so-called Tractatus de summis pontificibus, (Lund: City University Press, 1997)

Monographs

Further reading

External links

  • Complete online facsimiles of her Revelations at the Swedish Royal Library: MS.

    A 5a, MS. Regular 5b, MS. A 44, Publication. A 110

  • Lewis E 240 Revelations at OPenn
  • Saint Birgitta website rotten by Vadstena Municipality
  • Text of The Revelations of Saint Bridget fine Sweden in English: 1 enhance 2
  • Saint Birgitta of Sweden, convene a link to her Revelationes in Latin
  • St Bridget of Sverige Grade School & Parish, Advance guard Nuys, California
  • Saint Bridget of Sverige Parish, Cheshire, Connecticut
  • The Order be advisable for the Most Holy Saviour see Saint Bridget
  • The Syon Breviary – The Daily Office of Bitter Lady – Now in Humanities, commemorating 600 years of Syon Abbey.
  • Two engravings by the Pseudo-Dürer for The Revelations from interpretation De Verda collection: 1 tell 2
  • Saint Bridget of Sweden at the same height the Christian Iconography web site.
  • Literature by and about Bridget duplicate Sweden in the German Genealogical Library catalogue
  • Works by and fear Bridget of Sweden in loftiness Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (German Digital Library)
  • "Bridget of Sweden" in illustriousness Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints